Images (L to R) by Kay Newman, Tom Dodd and Matt Morrow

What Judges Look For

This is a guide to finishing off your photograph and give judges as little as possible to complain about! It is not about composition, or light or even subject matter. That is all up to you! But it should help you to spot niggly things that lose you marks. I am far from an expert at using Photoshop (PS) so most of the remarks here require only a basic knowledge and skill which can be learnt with practise and the help of your fellow club members.

This is only a guide - a list to jog your memory and you will have to interpret the solutions to suit your picture. Below are a set of useful check-boxes which may be of help - before you make your final print/image for presentation.

Note that for Wildlife and Travel you will need to abide by the latest rules for these sections. However, remember that wildlife and travel images may be submitted and altered in the Open section.

Cropping - probably the first and one of the most important things you will do. Think about it:
Have you cropped out marginal distractions?
Have you cropped to place the subject in a strong position in the image?
Are there areas in your picture that do not enhance the overall image?
Example: foreground areas of vegetation with little interest, out-of-focus foreground, or a large area of the picture with nothing in it.
Are you cropping to fit a standard mount?

Advice: Please don't. This is one of the most common faults and judges constantly have to say that there are/were better ways if displaying your picture. By using pre-cut mounts you are confining your print to a standard format which may not suit the subject. For example a letterbox shape may be more suitable, or a square format (the latter can be very attractive). You would not confine yourself in this way for a PDI.

Subject - The part/parts of the image that the story is about and the viewer is drawn to - usually forms part of the title:

Does the subject stand out from the background?
Suggestion: use correct aperture at time of shooting.
Use PS to diffuse the background.
Darken or lighten the background compared to the subject.
De-saturate the background or alter the colours.
Are there any burnt-out areas on the subject, or areas with no detail?
Suggestion: use the lasso tool to isolate the faulty area and adjust exposure,
or use low opacity clone tool to cone-in missing detail.
Does the subject have background objects conflicting with it (posts out of head etc)
Suggestion: move the subject in PS or clone out the offending object.

Background - the part of the image that so often gets forgotten when shooting:
Does it conflict with the subject?
Suggestion: see subject section above.
Are there any bright areas to draw the viewer's eye?
Suggestion: tone down or clone out the bright areas.
Cover with a foreground subject.
Are there any bright colours to conflict with the subject or draw the viewer's eye?
Suggestion: change the colour and/or tone it down or clone it out.
Is it a complicated/busy background?
Suggestion: change or simplify the background or look to see if you have a simpler image to use.
Is the horizon level? A common mistake in seascapes.
Suggestion: In PS use the blue lines that can be dragged across the image from the rulers.

Technical - Focus, Over sharpening, Over saturation, etc.
Focus - Is your picture really sharp? There may of course be reasons to deliberately soften the
image, but the original should be sharp.
Reason: it could be camera shake - have a look at the metadata and see what exposure you used and correct in
future or use a tripod.
Reason: it could be that the autofocus locked on to the wrong part of the image - try manual focus. You cannot correct an out-of-focus image by sharpening in PS.
Reason: You may have enlarged the picture too much for the quality of your equipment. This is a very common fault and will lose you lots of marks. Print smaller and do not try to fill a pre-cut mount or sheet of expensive A3 paper.
Note! in wildlife photography a judge will insist that the image is sharp, except in cases where depth of field will not allow the subject to be completely in focus such as in macro-photography, or perhaps the tips of wings in a flying bird. Some allowance will occasionally be given.
Over sharpening - a very common fault causing pixilation and lines around objects.
Suggestion: look very carefully with a magnifier if possible and look particularly where dark objects meet the
sky. You can carefully clone these lines out, but it takes patience.
Over saturation - often caused by increasing the contrast too much as well as just by increasing the saturation slider.
Suggestion: does the picture look natural when you view it. Try and compare it with other photographers'
images or ask the advice of other people. View the print in overcast daylight, not artificial light.

Colour casts - you MUST view a print in daylight, or under a daylight bulb, not in artificial light. Colour casts are very difficult to resolve and it takes practise and experience to even recognise them. To some photographers it comes easier than others. They are particularly noticeable in B&W pictures which should always be viewed in natural light, preferably on an overcast day. Magenta is the most common. Printing on different papers can cause a colour cast particularly with fine art papers.

Black and White - there are so many ways of converting a colour image to B&W that they cannot be
explained here. The art of B&W seems to have been lost with the change from darkroom to digital and judges frequently have to deal with poorly converted images.
Advice: get hold of, or keep by you a well produced B&W print (preferably a darkroom print) and use this as a guide when converting your image from colour. You will be surprised how helpful this is. ALWAYS check the final image in natural light (see above).
HDR, filters and other specialist software - have you used any of these and if so does it really enhance your picture?
Advice: be sure you understand what you are doing when using these aids. They are easily overdone. A typical example is the number of portraits we see where the skin looks like a piece of old leather!
Suggestion: Keep your original image on a layer beneath the modified one and blend them using 'opacity' in PS.
Presentation - Paper, borders and mounts.
Is your picture printed too large?
Advice: This is a common fault. Look carefully at your print. Can you see pixels? Remember if the image is at
the limit of your equipment it is better to print smaller when it will look sharper. A3 paper is expensive and there is the temptation to try and fill the paper with your picture. Give your picture room in the mount - it looks so much better than with a narrow mount margin.
Does the paper you are using suit the subject?
Advice: Think about the paper you choose to use. There are many papers out there - don't be afraid to try some. An artistic subject may require a fine art paper, mat and/or textured. An architectural subject may be better on a full gloss paper. Some papers suit B&W photographs.
Are you using a ready-cut mount?
Advice: It is not advisable to use ready-cut mounts. By doing so you are confining yourself to a standard cropping regime which may not suit your picture (see CROPPING above).
Have you got a fancy border around your picture?
Advice: Unless you are confident that your border enhances your picture, keep your border simple using the mount as the frame. It gives the judge less to criticise. DO NOT use a wide white border/keyline around a PDI. Either use no keyline or a one, two or three pixel line depending on the final production size.
Are you using a coloured mount (including black)?
Advice: Fashions change, but at present avoid coloured mounts unless you are confident you know what you are doing. Stick to white or ivory mounts. Black mounts can sometimes help to make B&W pictures 'stand out'.
Double or single mounting?
Advice: If single mounting use ARTISTS FRAMING TAPE, not masking or parcel tape. The latter tapes can damage your competitor's prints.

The Title - The title is a compulsory part of the picture and while some judges say that it is unimportant and the picture should speak for itself, a good title helps the judge understand what the photographer is trying to say and is certainly helpful when the subject is obscure.
Does your title express the main point of the picture?
Advice and examples:It is no use calling your picture 'Approaching Storm' if the sky only forms a tiny part of the image and is not very threatening or - 'Walking the dog' if the man and dog can hardly be seen in the picture, or - 'Reflections' when the main part of the picture is a straight scene or - 'The Frightened Widow' when the expression on the subjects face looks anything but frightened . Of course there are always exceptions to the rule. Rules are there to be
broken, but need a lot of experience on behalf of the photographer to be carried out well.

Ed Cloutman
WPF Judges and Presenters Secretary
Update 10:04:2017